本文將從詮釋與論述分析的角度討論西方文獻中的東方主義在中國的表現型式，來自中國的以反身東方主義觀點為回應的立場，以及外交政策論述中反身東方主義對國家目的所產生的影響。本文將探討中國政治人物如何論述外交政策，並以周恩來作為一個例子，文章最後將嘗試對北京在新世紀的外交政策做出不同於以往的詮釋。在清末民初，帶有濃郁西方價值與經驗的主權論述傳到中國，但在中國，這個西式的主權是作為抗拒西方的工具，故主權概念在中國現代化過程中，始終扮演著令人困惑的角色，但中國人咸承認西方所描繪的中國的落後，也接受西方國家界定的發展目標。應當說，中國作為一個主權國家，充其量是一個「反國家」。
Abstract
In this paper, I will discuss Western Orientalism toward the Chinese State, responses from China in the form of reflexive Orientalism and the impacts of reflexive-Orientalism on the purpose of state as reflected in Chinese foreign policy. I will attend particularly to the way Chinese statesmen present China's foreign policy concerns. In this regard, I use Zhou Enlai as my primary example. In the end, I will attempt to provide an alternative interpretation regarding Beijing's foreign policy in the beginning of the new Millenium. Amidst the value-laden rhetoric of sovereignty, the Chinese State is playing an embarrassing role of using the Western device of sovereignty almost obsessively to refuse Western advise on how to approach goals of modernization, yet acknowledging Western specification of China's backwardness and direction of development, hence counter-state.
關鍵字：東方主義，中國外交，周恩來，自由主義，反身東方主義，民族主義，西化，中國文化本位
Keywords: Orientalism, Chinese Foreign Policy, Zhou Enlai, Liberalism, Reflexive Orientalism, Nationalism, Westernization, Indigenization
|
